What You Need to Know About the Side Effects of Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide is an injectable medication that is used for type 2 diabetes and weight loss. It mimics two hormone types: GLP-1 and GIP.

• Common side effects include nausea, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, vomiting, constipation, indigestion, and stomach pain.

• Serious but rare side effects include pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, kidney issues, thyroid cancer risk, and severe allergic reactions.

• Side effects typically appear in the first few weeks, especially during dose escalation, and may subside over time.

• Staying hydrated and making dietary adjustments can help manage mild side effects.

• Seek medical attention for severe or persistent symptoms, especially dehydration, intense stomach pain, allergic reactions, or gallbladder issues.

• Tirzepatide should only be used under a doctor's supervision.

Tirzepatide is a natural compound that is found in the body. It helps perform several important bodily functions and mimics GLP-1s. It also mimics the effect of another class of hormones called glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Tirzepatide’s ability to mimic two different types of hormones is unique.

Tirzepatide is self-administered once weekly through injection under the skin of the abdomen, thigh or upper arm. The exact dosage needed for weight loss depends on the individual – the specific dosage and dosing instructions must come from your doctor.

GLP-1RAs mimic a natural hormone called glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1s help regulate digestion and appetite. GLP-1RAs:

• Slow down emptying of the stomach after a meal, helping you to feel full for longer.

• Reduce cravings and emotional eating.

• Helps the pancreas release more insulin when needed. Insulin helps the body turn carbohydrates from food into energy by moving glucose from the blood into the cells, where it is used as fuel to keep the body functioning.

• Prevents the liver from releasing too much sugar into the blood.

Meanwhile, GIP hormones:

• Stimulate insulin secretion 

• Improve insulin sensitivity 

• Aids GLP-1 hormones in their digestive and metabolic action by helping enhance its action of regulating appetite

Tirzepatide is an entirely new drug class. Instead of being a single-receptor agonist, which semaglutide is, tirzepatide activates two receptors simultaneously – GLP-1 and GIP.

However, like any medication, it comes with potential side effects. 

Take note of these side effects so you can make informed decisions and manage any discomfort that you may experience.

Common Side Effects

Some of the most commonly reported side effects of tirzepatide in clinical trials are:

• Nausea and diarrhoea (which were reported to occur while the tirzepatide dose was increased)

• Decreased appetite

• Vomiting

• Constipation

• Indigestion

• Stomach Pain

Tirzapetide may cause serious side effects in a few cases. Reported side effects include:

• Severe digestive problems, which may lead to acute kidney injury

• Gallbladder problems

• Pancreatitis

• Risk of thyroid cancer

• Severe allergic reaction

In people with pre-existing kidney conditions, symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting may lead to dehydration, potentially worsening kidney function. It is important to stay hydrated to lower this risk.

Some individuals have reported significant digestive distress while using Mounjaro. If stomach problems are persistent or severe, you need to consult a healthcare provider.

Note: Consult a doctor before administering Tirzepatide. 

When do the side effects of tirzepatide start?

Most side effects are observed in the initial weeks of treatment, particularly as the dosage is gradually increased. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhoea are commonly reported in the first four weeks.

How long do the side effects last?

Most of tirzepatide’s side effects are temporary. For many users, mild side effects like nausea or diarrhoea improve in a few days or weeks as the body adjusts to the medication. Some report long-term side effects like digestive problems and pancreatitis. 

Serious side effects require immediate medical consultation.

When should you see a doctor?

You should seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:

• Severe or persistent nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea that leads to dehydration.

• Difficulty breathing, swelling, or other signs of an allergic reaction.

• Persistent or severe stomach discomfort that does not resolve in a few days.

• Signs of pancreatitis, including intense stomach pain radiating to the back.

• Symptoms of gallbladder problems, such as prolonged abdominal pain that lasts from 30 minutes to several hours.

How can you manage the side effects of tirzepatide?

If you experience any of the symptoms, especially for prolonged periods, speak with your doctor. 

For the alleviation of nausea, some people find these tips useful:

• Consume smaller portions of your meals. For example, split your usual 3 daily meals into 5 smaller ones.

• Stop eating once you feel full.

• Stay away from fat or fatty foods.

• If you can, try eating bland foods like crackers, rice or toast.

If you experience mild to severe diarrhoea or other digestive problems, drink plenty of fluids.

For injection site reactions such as pain, swelling or other skin color changes, apply an ice pack to the area after your injection to help relieve the swelling. 

For mild symptoms of an allergic reaction, call your doctor immediately. However, if your allergic reaction is severe, call your local emergency number right away.

Tirzepatide is only available by prescription. If you’re interested in considering tirzepatide for weight management, then you’ll need to visit a doctor – take the chance to talk to them about the potential side effects, and if you have certain medical conditions such as kidney problems, pancreatitis, diabetic retinopathy or if you have upcoming surgeries. 

It is not known whether tirzepatide is safe for pregnant and lactating women. Speak with your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to be pregnant. They might recommend different weight management options for you.

Tirzepatide is effective but this medication works best when used along with healthy lifestyle changes, like diet and exercise.

Speak with your doctor to understand whether tirzepatide is right for you, and how you can best manage its side effects.